Approaches To Management Structure And Culture Business Essay - Free Essay Example

In the twenty-first century the world of work in which a manager operates is one of continuous change and the most important management skill is the management of change. The strategic importance of management to national economies has grown considerably over the last quarter of century (Cole.G.A, p.87) Organisations as well as Flower Power have to deal with the consequences of ever more rapid innovations in technology, which has revolutionised many of the processes by which goods and services are made available to customers and they have to face with increased expectations of customers for the quality and variety of goods and services (Hannagan, T., p.5) Since the second half of the 19th century, when the economy is the leading European countries (Britain, France , Germany) entered the stage of monopoly capitalism, the issues of organizational management acquire independent value, and interest has since consistently high. By that time, organizational management stands out as an independent science, where introduced the first theoretical works in this area of expertise. The scientific management approach developed by Frederic Taylor, pioneered scientific management,is based on the concept of planning work to achieve efficiency, standardisation, specialization and simplification. Frederic Taylor, suggested that systematic investigation could indicate proper methods, standards and timings for each operation in an organisations activities. The responsibility of management was to select, train and help workers to perform their jobs properly. The job of management was to plan and control the work. The responsibility of workers was simply to accept the new methods and perform accordingly. The practical application of this approach was to break each job down into its smallest and simplest component parts or motions: each single motion in effect became a separate specialized job to be allocated to a separate worker. Workers were selected and trained to perform s uch jobs in the most efficient way possible, eliminating all wasted motions or unnecessary physical motion. The philosophical foundation of Taylor was the concept of so-called economic rights, received in the same period widespread. The basis of this concept laid the claim that the only motivation driving people are their needs. Taylor believed that with the help of a feasibility wage system can achieve maximal productivity. Scientific management developed towards the end of the 19th century, concentrated on how was work organised on the factory floor, while administrative management considered the organisation as a whole. This developed into bureaucratic management where the emphasis has been on designing an impersonal, rational basis for managing an organisation with clearly defined structures and lines of authority and accountability and the uniform application of standards rules (Hannagan.T, p.273). French engineer and manager Henri Fayol laid down the principles of manage ment, which asked to be guided in solving administrative problems and carrying out the functions of management. Fayol formulated 14 principles of management to the activities of senior management such as authority and responsibility, discipline, equity, scalar chain necessary for effective management of the company. Principles Fayol divided into three groups: structural, procedural and effective. Fayol pointed out that their use should be flexible and take into account the situation in which control is exercised. Summing up his long-term observations, Fayol created a theory of administration. The aim of the school administrative Fayol was the creation of universal principles of management, following which, the organization would undoubtedly succeed. Fayol believed that with scientific forecasting and proper methods of management, satisfactory results were inevitable. Compared with Taylor,Fayol had a comprehensive view of management very similar to modern ideas(Hannagan,T.p714) By de finition, A. Fayol control means to anticipate, organize, manage, coordinate and supervise Fayol suggested that control means to lead the organization to its goals, deriving the maximum possible from all available resources at its disposal. The control occupies a significant place in the activities of senior management personnel and a much smaller in the activities of personnel directly engaged in production, or junior management staff. Specifically emphasizes that managerial activity is universal for any organization. Fayol was first proposed to consider the proper management activities as an independent object of research. He identified five key elements which, in its opinion, consist of administration functions: forecasting, planning, organization, coordination and control. Fayol theory gives a clear overview of the tasks of the head: look to the future (someone in the organization must plan, make a prediction), organize, coordinate their offerings to the heads of other departmen ts, manage a team, therefore, always maintain contact with his subordinates to know their needs and desire to help, to implement in their hopes and aspirations. For the effective functioning of the organization needed a plan that has the unity, continuity, flexibility and accuracy. Fayol was convinced that the administrative abilities cannot develop, receiving only special education. Not only knowledge but also the ability, individual characteristics contribute to the manager. A manager is a combination of intellectual power and emotional impact. Administrative School has had a major impact on management practices, as its representatives for the first time an extensive effort to develop and put into practice the principles that are suitable for all levels of management. Many management principles still have practical value. For example, the Japanese company. Mitsusita Electric is guided by the following seven management principles: objectivity, fairness, solidarity, accomplishment, humility, harmony, score they resonate with the principles developed by Fayol. Max Weber developed a theory of authority structures and gave attention to the significance of large organisations.He described an ideal type of organisation that he called a bureaucracy,characterizide by division of labor,a clearly defined hierarchy,detailed rules and regulations,and impersonal relationships. Weber also believed that technical competence should be emphasized and that performance evaluations should be made entirely on the basis of merit.His theory became the design prototype for many of todays large organisations. In early twentieth century writers such as Mary Parker Follett and Elton Mayo recognised the limitations of the scientific management perspectives(Boddy.D,p.54)Classical management thought took the organisation to be a machine and the formal, designed organization as the only thing of importance. It took human behaviour within the organisation to be rational in the sense of the economist and it took hierarchy and rules at their face value (Puxty.A, p.29).Follet was the first who defined management as enforcing work with others. Follett introduced many new elements to the classical management approach especially in the areas of human relations and organizational structure. Follett recognized that organizations could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behaviour. She was convinced that no one could become a whole person except as a member of a group; human beings grew through their relationships with others in organizations. The managers job was to harmonize and coordinate group efforts. Follett asserted that managers and workers should view themselves as partners as part of a common group. She proposed that managers should rely more on their expertise and knowledge to lead subordinates rather than on the formal authority of their position. Follett addressed issues that are timely today, such as ethics, power, and how to lead in a w ay that encourages employees to give their best. The schools human relations,focuses on the psychology of attitudes, behaviors and needs of individuals, social interaction and group interests. There are three field areas: human relations, human resources, and behaviorism. E. Mayos impact on the replacement of the concept of rational worker concept social worker. Mayo concluded that behaviour and sentiments are closely related, that group influences significantly affect individual behaviour that group standards establish individual worker output and that money is less a factor in determining output than are group standards, group sentiments, and security.Elton Mayo stated that employees would work harder if they believed management was concerned about their welfare and supervisors paid special attention to them. This phenomenon was subsequently labelled the Hawthorne effect. These conclusions led to a new emphasis on the human factor in the functioning of organizations and the attain ment of their goals. The Hawthorne studies stimulated an interest in human factors. Current organizational practices that owe their roots to the Hawthorne studies include attitude surveys, employee counselling, management training, participative decision making, and team based compensation systems. The behavioural approach is also known as the neo-human relations perspective. The human resources perspective combines prescriptions for design of job tasks with theories of motivation. In the human resources view, jobs should be designed so that tasks are not perceived as dehumanizing or demeaning but instead allows workers to use their full potential.The best-known contributors to the human resources perspective are Abraham Maslow, Douglas McGregor, and Frederick Herzberg. Abraham Maslow , a practicing psychologist, proposed a hierarchy of five needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. In terms of motivation, Maslow argued that each step in the hierarc hy must be satisfied before the next level can be activated and that once a need was substantially satisfied, it no longer motivated behaviour. Douglas McGregor formulated two sets of assumptions Theory X and Theory Y about human nature.Theory X presents an essentially negative view of people. It assumes that they have little ambition dislike work, want to avoid responsibility, and need to be closely supervised to work effectively.Theory X formulates the philosophy of management and control of traditional management. Manager tells people what to do, and often resorted to incentives or penalties in the course of work.Theory Y is a new approach to management. Theory Y offers a positive view, assuming that people can exercise self-direction, accept responsibility, and consider work to be as natural as rest or play.The point of theory Y is that organizations can take advantage of the imagination and intellect of all their employees. Employees will exercise self-control and will contri bute to organizational goals when given the opportunity. Frederick Herzberg suggested that only higher psychological needs for growth, challenge, responsibility, and self-fulfillment can positively motivate employees to improved performance.Another category within the behavioral approach encompasses the behavioral science approach, which relies on the scientific method for the study of organizational behaviour.Behavioral science draws from sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines to understand employee behavior and interaction in an organizational setting. This approach can be seen in organizations even today when, for example, a firm conducts research to determine the best set of tests, interviews, and employee profiles to use when selecting new employees. The behavioral approaches contributed an important awareness of the influence of the human factor at work on organizational performance and the need to offer job   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Modern management practices are based on consulting people and giving them responsibility for their work,while scientific management was based on telling people how to increase their earnings,training them and then expecting them to go ahead and do it(Hannagan.T,p.713) In the present time there is no single approach to management. In various companies have different approaches, directions, concepts of business management. Management is a fundamental discipline, who need to know any entrepreneur. The process of strategic planning involves a number of important operations: planning, costs, production planning, sales planning, and finally, the Finance plan. Preparing todays managers-professionals is impossible without knowing the history of management development. Main role of management is to unite people together in order to accomplish achievable goals. Management mobilize or allocate resources to different department like Human resource, Finance, IT department and organize these resources in such a way that organizational strategic goals are accomplished easily in the long run. Management also takes vital part in planning,leading and controlling. In short, it takes part in each and every step of the organization. It gives direction, aligns and achieve organization goals with available resources.Every organization requires planning, direction, organization and control for it to set off and continue to grow. It is the role of management to perform such duties for the perpetual existence and increased productivity of the organization.Management plays a crucial role in business by doing planning. A business must have goals and objectives, as well as the course of action that must be taken to achieve them. Management make this happen. They set goals and objectives for the business. At the same time, they plan on how they will achieve them, and offer guidelines to the rest of the team members.Management also has important role in organizing.Management determines the internal stru cture of the organization, such as assigning roles to different people in different departments. After determining the course action, management must determine what kind of management structure they need to follow. This is where they design organizational charts and assign roles to different titles or people.Also management play role in staffing. Managers are tasked to recruit, hire and train people to perform various functions in the business, as laid out in the organizational structure. They also make decisions regarding how much they should pay the employees as well as their benefits, if any. Control is one of the major roles of management. It is necessary to set performance standards based on the established goals and objectives of the organization. This is to be used as a yard stick to measure the performance and compare it with the projected outcome. And if deviations should occur, it is managements responsibility to take necessary action. A business cannot perform without some form of control and this is where management comes in. An important role management must play is the decision maker. This applies to financial, budgetary, personnel, policy and security judgments. These are not always easy decisions, but they must be made and management takes on that dutGood manager realizes the value of a companys employees and leads with the intent to motivate their staff. Manager understands how to properly delegate and empower employees, and also recognizes and acknowledges good performance by offering regular feedback and praise. Over the years the role of management has evolved. In years past managers were frequently controlling, privileged, authoritative, and aloof; for the most part out of touch with their employees working on the floor. Todays managers recognize the value of a team-oriented environment and as a result act more as a facilitator and a mentor. In this approach they offer guidance and leadership to staff instead of working behind closed doors. Nowadays managers are moving towards participating as hands-on team members themselves rather than putting their focus solely on supervision and directives. Most businesses still work on a hierarchal structure, but many are navigating towards flattened, or horizontal structures. This structure is becoming more popular among smaller businesses and within singular divisions in larger companies because it allows employees to have a level of involvement in decision making processes. This is done with the anticipation of productivity increasing. In larger companies management cannot effectively function in this way simply because of their size, but within individual divisions, this way of thinking often yields success. In todays business atmosphere managers are learning how to successfully integrate the traditional key functions with new organizational concepts to achieve a good balance which works within their company. As a part of the managerial toolbox, successf ul managers possess the technical and administrative knowledge necessary to execute company objectives and use this to evaluate strengths and weaknesses, liabilities and monitor quality management and control. To stay competitive manager today illuminate goals, generate innovation and creativity. They also know how to maintain strong communication both externally and internally in their organization and how to integrate these skills within the decision making process. Management plays a central role in business. The Keiths approach mainly based on instruction and observation of employees.Many managers have been promoted internally without any training or support to help them understand role and activities of management. There is an on-going search for alternative approaches to Flower Power management. The human relation approach, which seeks the human relations pertains to motivating people in organisations in order to develop teamwork which effectively fulfils their needs and leads to achieving oganisational goals could be a suitable option in Flower Power situation. In co-operation with training company Flower Power management could organise a training course Alternative approaches to management . This course would be aimed at staff of Flower Power departments working in management . The course would give participants the chance to reflect on current and traditional Flower Power management approaches, and learn about new approaches to management. Special attention would be given to advantages and disadvantages, to social and science aspects of Flower Power management. Management should reflect new thinking if the available resource is to be well maximized. Of the 6,700 businesses, around 80% of these belong to a relay organisation such as InterFlora, Teleflower or Flowergram. The benefit of belonging to such an organisation is that by providing support in marketing and sales, and product and design, and as a result of their international links, they al low the business to compete with multi-national firms, and respond to a changing market. (For example, approximately 80% of Dutch-imported flowers in the UK now go to supermarkets.)A relay organisation allows a person in one part of the country to send flowers to a person in another part of the country by using a network of florists. The operation is relatively straightforward. There is always competition, and the floristry industry is no exception. Management should handle all aspects of planning, purchasing, sales, personnel, promotion, and production. As the company grows, a more formal management hierarchy should be developed. Manager should be able to select a management approach that is most appropriate to the desired need or goal. Managing and leading are two different ways of organising people. The manager uses a formal, rational method whilst the leader uses passion and stirs emotions. William Wallace is one excellent example of a brilliant leader but could never be thou ght of as the manager of the Scots! Decentralization The Washington Post Company operates in a decentralized manner. While sharing common goals and values, each of the Companys divisions has its own identity, workplace culture and way of doing business. Division management is responsible for its operations.

Ethics And The Entire Code Of Ethics - 938 Words

He has gained a lot of experience throughout his career thus far, and is looking forward to expanding his knowledge in the future. Dr. Lind believes that there are many ethical issues that involved in anthropology and the entire Code of Ethics is of importance. However, he believes it is key for practicing Anthropologist’s to understand not only their own Code of Ethics but any Code of Ethics that may be relevant in their currently work place. In addition, he placed a lot of emphasis of informed consent and not harming your subjects during research studies. Dr. Lind believes that being an applied anthropologist requires a number of varying skills. Most importantly on his list is being flexible, he says that it is important to be flexible when working with different populations, teams, and conducting research. Dr. Lind stated, â€Å"You will rarely work alone as an Anthropologist, research requires the expertise of multiple people†. 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The Communication Plan For Breast Cancer - 1991 Words

The organizations purpose of the communication plan is to get recognized in the community. We want people to know about the organization and all the different resources we will have available. It is important that society understands what our goal is and what we are mainly focused on, breast cancer. Our communication plan will not only help us reach out to people but will also help us announce our events and recruit volunteers to help us with our program. In order to be successful we need the support of the community, this will help us grow and continue to achieve our goals. Once we get the support of the community and continue to grow as a clinic our communications plan will also help us announce the victories and goals we achieve. Our communication plan will be based on reaching out to more younger men and women having risk of breast cancer. It will help us give them a better knowledge of the risks they may encounter and educating them with the prevention of the disease. We want to attract as many young men and women to our program as possible. Our clinic will be located in Flagstaff Arizona and our communication plan will help us get university students get more involved with the clinic. Not only will they help us with volunteer work but will also get us more involved with the community by helping us get recognized with more people by word of mouth. We want our community plan to help us connect with the community and move forward together. Once we get recognized inShow MoreRelatedPublic Health Campaign Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesFor decades, numerous research have concluded that the incidence rate of breast cancer is lower in African-American women when compared to that of Caucasian women. However, in recent years, there has been an upsurge in incidence rate of breast cancer in African-American women. 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Prostate Cancer Informative speech Essay example - 767 Words

What is the Prostate? The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system, which makes and stores a fluid that nourishes sperm. The prostate gland is about the size of a walnut, and surrounds the upper part of the urethra, the tube that empties urine from the bladder. If the prostate gland grows too large, the flow of urine can be slowed or stopped. Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States (other than skin cancer), and accounts for more than one-quarter of all men diagnosed with cancer each year. Some prostate cancers grow very slowly and may not cause problems for years. Common Misconceptions about Prostate Cancer †¢ Prostate cancer is an old man’s disease. †¢ If you don’t†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Stage II cancer involves more than one part of the prostate. †¢ Stage III cancer has spread beyond the outer layer of the prostate into nearby tissue. †¢ Stage IV cancer has spread to other areas of the body such as the bladder, bone, liver, lungs. Symptoms of Prostate Cancer Early prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms. But prostate cancer can cause any of these problems: †¢ A need to urinate frequently, especially at night †¢ Difficulty starting urination or holding back urine †¢ Inability to urinate †¢ Weak or interrupted flow of urine †¢ Painful or burning urination †¢ Blood in urine A man who has symptoms like these should see his doctor or urologist. Methods of Treatment Treatment for prostate cancer depends on the stage of the disease and the grade of the tumor. 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The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and protect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choiceRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto do the following: 1. Decide whether existing information is adequate or whether additional information is required. 2. If necessary, collect more information in a reasonable and thoughtful way. 3. Summarize the available data in a useful and informative manner. 4 Chapter 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 4. Analyze the available data. 5. Draw conclusions, make decisions, and assess the risk of an incorrect decision. People informally use these steps to make everyday

Drugs, Crime And Public Health The Political Economy Of...

â€Å"The debate on drugs is dominated by one, endlessly recurring argument. Should drugs be legal or prohibited?† Throughout the world, the subject of drugs is highly controversial therefore; the policy on drugs does vary from country to country. This essay will take note of the similarities and differences between not only the drug policies but also the public debate on drugs in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Firstly, the historical context and issues will be put into consideration, followed by the situation in the present day. The main texts discussed within this essay are â€Å"Drugs, Crime and Public Health: The political economy of drug policy – Alex Stevens† as well as â€Å"Understanding drugs, alcohol and crime – Trevor Bennet and†¦show more content†¦In general, â€Å"the Netherlands can be thought of as being a relatively ‘lenient’ country in its approach to drug use.† The most important law that the Du tch government is involved with, relates to the International Opium Convention. The Opium act 1919 was implemented in order to regulate both the use as well as the trade of soft and hard drugs. The act involves giving penalties to those possessing drugs depending on the type. For example, Schedule I relates to hard drugs and leads to harsher penalties than Schedule II which concerns soft drugs. Historically, again due to the Dutch empire being so vast, the trade of drugs was popular with colonies in Asia which produced opium and brought a lot of income. This meant that the Opium act was opposed by the Dutch government as it would lead to a loss of income. Some would argue that there is an element of success to having policies like this as currently in the Netherlands there are â€Å"fewer arrests being made for soft drug possession (specifically cannabis)-19 for every 100 citizens† and this shows that although people have opposed the idea, it is having a positive impact. Coffee shops are a huge part of the drug culture in the Netherlands, as here it is acceptable to consume cannabis without disciplinary action from the local

Mid-Term Examination free essay sample

In my social psychology class, there was a recent examination given to the class. It was the mid-term examination. For the mid-term examination, the class was Instructed to read chapters 1-6 In the text book. The class was also Instructed to study for the exam by reviewing the lecture notes. In this paper I will focus on a few questions I answered incorrectly on my mid-term examination. The exam contained 48 multiple choice questions and two true/false questions. Out of this 50 questions total, I answered 18 incorrectly. One of the questions I will focus on is located on the second page. The question reads, Nicole has Just met some new people in her dorm. During a discussion on campus Issues, she modifies her opinions so that they match those of her new friends. The most likely reason Nicole did this Is that (Husks). For the question I answered D, which stated the reason Nicole changed her opinion was to create similarity as a successful ingratiation strategy. Well, of course this answer is wrong. The correct answer to this question is choice C. C states the Nicole alter her opinion because she is a low self-monitor. Self-monitoring is the tendency to be harmonically concerned with ones public image and to adjust ones actions to fit the needs of the current situation (Kenny, Number, Cladding 107). Low self-monitors are much more likely to rely on their own standards In deciding how to respond to a new situation (Centric, Number, Calling 170).As the question stated, Nicole changed her opinion to the views of the new people she meet which makes her a low self-monitor. Question 15 located on the third page was also answered incorrectly. The question reads, The Disabled American Veterans nearly doubled their donation ate In response to a mailed solicitation when they Include personalized address labels. The success can be attributed to the (A) commitment/consistency, (B) social validation, (C) scarcity, or (D) reciprocation principle (Husks).For this question I answered B, which is the social validation principle. Social validation is an interpersonal way to locate and validate the correct choice (Centric, Number, Calling 190). The correct answer is D, reciprocation principle, which is people are more willing to comply with request from those who have provided such things first. The reason the donations nearly doubled Is because people feel an obligation to reciprocate (Cladding 183). People with high (A) need for structure, (B) desire for control, (C) need for cognition, or (D) intelligence are more likely to use cognitive simplification strategies (Hick) was another question that I answered incorrectly. This question is located on the third page also. For this question my answer was B, which is a desire for control. The correct answer for the question is the need for structure. People with the need for structure are motivated to organize their mental ND physical worlds In simple ways.People high In need of structure are also more likely to engage In all sorts of cognitive shortcuts (Kenny, Number, Caledon 811. Question 30, located on the fifth page states, According to (A) the representatives heuristic, (B) the cooperation model, (C) correspondence bias, or (D) correspondent inference theory people determine whether a behavior corresponds to an actors internal disposition by asking whether the consequences were foreseeable, the behavior was intended, freely chosen, and occurred despite countervailing forces. The cooperation theory. The cooperation model is the theory that proposes that people determine the cause of an actors behavior by assessing whether other people act in similar ways, the actor behaves similarly in similar si tuations, and the actor behaves similarly in the same situation (Centric, Number, Calling 92). I now see that cooperation model is definitely not the answer. Another choice was the representatives heuristic.A mental shortcut through which people classify something as belonging to a certain category to the extent that it is similar to a typical case from that category is the definition of representatives heuristic Centric, Number, Calling 78). The correct answer to question 30, which is a definition, is correspondent inference theory. Franklin dislikes the Rush Lumbago radio talk show. At a party, Franklin meets Jefferson, who lavishly praises the Rush Lumbago show. Franklin takes an instant dislike to Jefferson. Which of the following psychological theories would best predict Franklins response to Jefferson (Hick), was also one of the questions I missed on the mid-term. This is question 46 which is located on the seventh page. For this question I answered reciprocity theory. I dont even know if there is a reciprocity theory but there is a norm of reciprocity. The norm of reciprocity requires that we repay others with the form of behavior they have given us (Centric, Number, Calling, 196).Franklin did not repay Jefferson with the same behavior so this is not the answer. The balance theory states that we all prefer to have harmony and consistency in our views of the world. We want to agree with the people we like and disagree with those we dislike. We want to associate good things with good people and bad things with bad people (Centric, Number, Calling, 163). Either there is balance or not. Franklin did not like Rush Lumbago and Jefferson did, which made Franklin not like Jefferson.You cant like to show but not like Rush Lumbago or visa versa. For this mid-term examination, I felt strongly about the test. When I walked into the class room, I felt I would pass the test; obviously I was wrong. I would not say there was too much information to consume but maybe I did not have a understanding like I though I did. For the next text, I guess I will have to study everyday for the test and make sure I understand what I am reading.

Bringing Down The Mending Wall Essay Example For Students

Bringing Down The Mending Wall Essay Traditions have always had a substantial effect on the lives of human beings, and always will. Robert Frost uses many unique poetic devices in his poem Mending Wall, as well as many shifts in the speaker s tone to develop his thoughts on traditions. The three predominant tones used are those of questioning, irony and humor. The speaker questions many things in relation to the wall that is being rebuilt. For example, Something there is that doesn t love a wall (ll. 1, 35), is used to question what despises the wall s presence. The speaker goes on to discuss the earth s swells that make gaps in the wall (l. ), as well as the hunters, (l. 5) not leaving a stone on a stone, (l. 7) merely to please the yelping dogs with a rabbit. In line thirty, the speaker questions, Why do they make good neighbors because he believes that the wall is interfering with a possible relationship with his neighbor. Another key question asked is What I was walling in or walling out, (l. 33) to show that there is no difference when the wall is construct or not, both neighbor s tasks are completed and no harm is done. Frost develops irony through his shifts in tone within the Mending Wall. The irony is most dramatic in lines fourteen and fifteen, And set the wall between us once again / We keep the wall between us as we go. The speaker now realizes that the wall separates the neighbors, but also unites them at mending time, for the purpose of placing themselves apart once again. Other ironical situations are developed by the speaker s tone of questioning and his/her ability to initiate thoughts. It is rather apparent that in the early stages of the poem, the speaker does not comprehend the wall s existence; eventually, the speaker begins to think for himself and express his feelings about the wall. The use of humor is used in many situations in the poem, not only to tell the truth, but also to express that the speaker believes that the wall is pointless. We have to use a spell to make them balance / Stay where you are until our backs are turned (ll. 19,20), clearly shows that the speaker does not really care about the wall; he thinks of the mending time as a joke. The speaker also shows his disbelief in the wall by asking about cows (l. 31), and then by blaming elves (l. 36) for the destruction of the wall. My apple across / And eat the cones pines (ll. 25,26), might be the most humorous, but truthful statement in the entire poem. These three key uses of tone are all brought together to represent Frost s view of traditions. The poem brilliantly depicts two neighbors, one who questions and finds flaws with the tradition of mending, and another who believes strongly in the tradition and is appreciative of the wall s presence without really looking at the pointless effect. The contrasting neighbor s thoughts can be related to society during Frost s time of writing as well as during the modern society of today in that many people would believe in the speaker s perception of traditions while others would support traditions.